# benchmarks
Predictable sub-200ms
sandbox boots.
Measured against the live api.pandastack.ai endpoint on June 1, 2026 — 50 consecutive boots of ubuntu-24.04-net, snapshot-natid path, all 50 successful. Numbers cover scheduler claim, snapshot restore, NATID assignment, and guest readiness probe.
# Benchmarks
Predictable sub-200ms sandbox launches.
Measured end-to-end on api.pandastack.ai: POST /v1/sandboxes → ready. 50 consecutive boots, snapshot-natid path.
cold-start distribution (ms) — lower is better
may 2026minbest of 50
157msp50median
179msp7575th percentile
183msp9090th percentile
188msp9595th percentile
195msp9999th percentile
203ms# boot_ms = server-measured create → ready (n=50, all snapshot-natid).
# wall_ms over Cloudflare → us-central1 LB: p50 705ms p99 4237ms (RTT dominated).
163ms
p50 boot
snapshot-natid restore + ready probe
205ms
p99 boot
50/50 successful, no failures
112ms
warm hit p50
in-cluster, scheduler claim
640ms
fork (per child)
time-travel-fork from snapshot
| PandaStack | E2B Code Interpreter | Modal Sandbox | Containers (k8s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| boot p50 | 179 ms | ~500 ms | ~1.5 s | ~2-3 s |
| boot p99 | 203 ms | — | — | — |
| isolation | KVM | KVM | gVisor | namespaces |
| fork support | ✅ ~400ms | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| hibernation | ✅ ~930ms wake | ❌ | ✅ | manual |
| Apache-2.0 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | — |